Request: Sura 33 Aya 28 to 44 [under construction, missing parts as copied from original texts, were not present, editing under construction when possible]
[Shakir 33:28] O Prophet! say to your wives: If you desire this world's life and its adornment, then come, I will give you a provision and allow you to depart a goodly departing
[Pickthal 33:28] O Prophet! Say unto thy wives: If ye desire the world's life and its adornment, come! I will content you and will release you with a fair release.[Yusufali 33:28] O Prophet! Say to thy Consorts: "If it be that ye desire the life of this World, and its glitter,- then come! I will provide for your enjoyment and set you free in a handsome manner.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:28]
The only youthful marriage of the Holy Prophet was his first marriage to Khadija, mother of Fatimah, the noblest of women and the best of wives. He married her fifteen years before he made known his prophetship; their marriage life lasted for twenty five years, and their love and harmony was ideal. During her life he had no other wife. When she died the Holy Prophet observed "the year of grief". He would probably never have married again, as he was most abstemious in his physical life, but for two considerations which governed his later marriages-(i) compassion and clemency; (ii) help in his duties of prophetship.
Some of his wives were gentle and faithful; some were envious and avaricious, whom the Holy Prophet, as commanded by Allah in this verse, offered to set free in a goodly manner.
After hearing the Holy Prophet's declaration Ummi Salima stood up and said: "I have chosen Allah and His Prophet". Then verse 29 was revealed. It refers to those wives who did not covet for worldly gains but rejoiced in the honour they had as the wives of the Holy Prophet. For such wives there is a great reward from Allah in the hereafter. Most of the commentators say that this verse was revealed because of the persistent demand of his wives for a high standard of living which was beyond the means of the Holy Prophet. According to Irshadus Sari Sharh Sahih Bukhari, volume 7; page 314, the following wives of the Holy Prophet were divided in two groups, one of which including Hafsa, Sawda, Safiya, was dominated by A-isha.
(l) A-isha daughter of Abu Bakr.
[Shakir 33:29] And if you desire Allah and His Messenger and the latter abode, then surely Allah has prepared for the doers of good among you a mighty reward.[Pickthal 33:29] But if ye desire Allah and His messenger and the abode of the Hereafter, then lo! Allah hath prepared for the good among you an immense reward.[Yusufali 33:29] But if ye seek Allah and His Messenger, and the Home of the Hereafter, verily Allah has prepared for the well-doers amongst you a great reward.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:29] (see commentary for verse 28)[Shakir 33:30] O wives of the prophet! whoever of you commits an open indecency, the punishment shall be increased to her doubly; and this IS easy to Allah.[Pickthal 33:30] O ye wives of the Prophet! Whosoever of you committeth manifest lewdness, the punishment for her will be doubled, and that is easy for Allah.[Yusufali 33:30] O Consorts of the Prophet! If any of you were guilty of evident unseemly conduct, the Punishment would be doubled to her, and that is easy for Allah.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:30] (see commentary for verse 28)[Shakir 33:31] And whoever of you is obedient to Allah and His Messenger and does good, We will give to her her reward doubly, and We have prepared for her an honorable sustenance.[Pickthal 33:31] And whosoever of you is submissive unto Allah and His messenger and doeth right, We shall give her her reward twice over, and We have prepared for her a rich provision.[Yusufali 33:31] But any of you that is devout in the service of Allah and His Messenger, and works righteousness,- to her shall We grant her reward twice: and We have prepared for her a generous Sustenance.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:31] (see commentary for verse 28)[Shakir 33:32] O wives of the Prophet! you are not like any other of the women; If you will be on your guard, then be not soft in (your) speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease yearn; and speak a good word.[Pickthal 33:32] O ye wives of the Prophet! Ye are not like any other women. If ye keep your duty (to Allah), then be not soft of speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease aspire (to you), but utter customary speech.[Yusufali 33:32] O Consorts of the Prophet! Ye are not like any of the (other) women: if ye do fear (Allah), be not too complacent of speech, lest one in whose heart is a disease should be moved with desire: but speak ye a speech (that is) just.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:32] (see commentary for verse 28)[Shakir 33:33] And stay in your houses and do not display your finery like the displaying of the ignorance of yore; and keep up prayer, and pay the poor-rate, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House! and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.[Pickthal 33:33] And stay in your houses. Bedizen not yourselves with the bedizenment of the Time of Ignorance. Be regular in prayer, and pay the poor-due, and obey Allah and His messenger. Allah's wish is but to remove uncleanness far from you, O Folk of the Household, and cleanse you with a thorough cleansing.[Yusufali 33:33] And stay quietly in your houses, and make not a dazzling display, like that of the former Times of Ignorance; and establish regular Prayer, and give regular Charity; and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah only wishes to remove all abomination from you, ye members of the Family, and to make you pure and spotless.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:33]
Obedience to Allah's law sums up all duties. Regular prayer (seeking nearness to Allah) and regular charity (doing good to fellow-creatures) are mentioned as specially symbolical of the religion of Allah, Islam.
The first command in this verse "stay in your houses" was violated by A-isha when she went to Iraq to organise a mischievous campaign against Ali about whom the Holy Prophet said:
Bukhari has recorded in the chapter "What happened in the houses of the Prophet's wives" in the book "Jihad and Travel" of his Sahih, vol. 2, p. 125, that while delivering an address from the pulpit, the Holy Prophet pointed towards A-isha's house and said: "Here lies the scandal; here lies the scandal; here lies the scandal, where the horn of Shaytan would be rising." In the words of Sahih Muslim: "The Prophet came out of the house of A-isha and remarked: "Here is the head of infidelity where the horn of Shaytan will rise." Refer to Sahih Muslim, vol. 2,0.502.
"Verily Allah intends to keep off from you uncleanness, O you Ahl ul Bayt and purify you with a thorough purification" is a separate verse revealed on a particular occasion but placed here. Please refer to Aqa Mahdi Puya's note in the commentary of verses 28 to 32.
The time, occasion and people concerned in connection with the revelation of the above noted verse have been discussed and made known in many authentic books of the Muslim scholars.
The one and only reference available to the commentators is the event of the blanket (Hadith al Kisa).
The "event of the blanket" has been written by the following authors whom the Muslim Ummah acclaim with one voice.
(1) Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hanbal (241 H) "Musnad" (Egypt: 131 H) pages 259, 285, 292.
(2) Muslim bin Hajjaj Nayshapuri (261 H) Sahih Muslim" (Egypt: 1349) vol. 4, page 116.
(3) Abi Isa Muhammad Tirmidhi (275 or 279 H) "Sahih Tirmidhi" (Sharah ibnul Arabi) (Egypt: 1352 H) vol. 13 pages 200, 248.
(4) Ahmed ibn Shu-ayb Nisa-i (303 H) "Khasa-is" (Egypt: 1348 H) page 4.
(5) Ibn Jarir Tabari (310 H) "Tafsir Tabari" (Jama ul Bayan fi Tafsir il Quran) (Egypt: 1331 H) vol.22, page 5.
(6) Sulayman bin Ahmad Al Tibrani (360 H) "Al Mu-jam Al Saghir" (Dehli: 1311 H), page 34, 75.
(7) Hakim Nayshapuri (405 H) "Al Mustadrak" (Hyderabad Deccan: 1334 H), pages 146, 147, 148.
(8) Yusuf bin Abdullah ibni Abdul Birr (463 H) "Al Isti-ab" (Hyderabad Deccan: 1346 H),
vol. 2, page 460.
- Ali bin Ahmad Al Wahidi (468 H) "Asbab ul Nuzul" (Egypt: 1315 H) pages 266, 267.
Some commentators report this tradition through A-isha who says that this event took place in her house. So two wives of the Holy Prophet have confirmed that they both were not given permission by the Holy Prophet to come under the blanket, so they could never be described as Ahl ul Bayt.
Thalabi reports that when A-isha was asked as to why she violated the command of Allah "to stay in your houses" by going to the battle of Jamal against Ali, she said:
In verse 73 of Hud Sara is addressed as Ahli Bayt, not as the wife of Ibrahim but as the mother of prophet Is-haq, because the state of being a wife of a prophet gives no privilege to a woman as stated above and clearly indicated by the Holy Prophet himself, and decisively proved by the condemnation of the wives of Nuh and Lut.
Innama implies the determined decision or will of Allah. Although the decision of a created being may not take effect at all, but the will of Allah takes immediate effect. There cannot be a slightest gap of time or space in the will of Allah taking effect. When He commands: "Be"; it becomes. Refer to Baqarah: 117; Nahl: 40 Maryolm: 35; Ya Sin 83; Mumin: 68 and Qamar 50. It is not only the will of Allah but the declaration of its effect. Since the Ahl ul Bayt have been thoroughly purified, they remain thoroughly purified for ever. The prayer of Ibrahim in Baqarah: 127 to 129 is prayed to continue the excellence in themselves and in their descendants mentioned in Baqarah: 124. When a quality or attribute is described or mentioned in indefinite sense it refers to the perfect possibility. The purity in this verse is absolute purity. Polytheism (shirk) is described in the Quran as impurity and also the greatest iniquity (refer to Luqman : 13). Refer to the commentary of Baqarah: 124 for the condition that imamah is not bestowed on those who have ever (even once in their lives) worshipped any ghayrallah. All the companions of the Holy Prophet and his wives were polytheists before embracing Islam. Only the Holy Prophet, Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn were at that time free from the dirt of shirk, therefore they alone could be throughly purified.
Aqa Mahdi Puya says:
(i) Innama (verily or only) signifies exclusive distinction. To emphasise this exclusiveness, the second object of the verb yudh-hiba (keep off)-the phrase ankum (from you)-has been put before the first object rijs (uncleanness); and for further emphasis, the phrase Ahl ul Bayt has been mentioned to explain the pronoun ankum (from you). The grammatical structure of the whole clause indicates that this a unique privilege or distinction granted to the Ahl ul Bayt only, excluding all others.
(ii)
The verb yuridu implies that the continuous will or intention of Allah is His creative will or intention, not legislative. To interpret the will as the legislative will as in Ma-idah: 6, distorts the whole fabric of the verse and renders meaningless the exclusive particle and the constructional arrangement. Even then it means that only the Ahl ul Bayt exclusively achieved the standard.
(iii) This verse is a preface to verses 77 to 79 of al Waqi-ah: "Verily this is an honourable (Karim) Quran, in a hidden (preserved) book, which no one can touch save the purified." (Refer to page 3.)
(iv) The excellences of Ahl ul Bayt have been openly demonstrated in the event of mubahilah (refer to the commentary of Ali Imran : 61).
(v) The Ahl ul Bayt had only been thoroughly purified by Allah because of their total submission to Allah's will and their state of being always in communion with Allah.
The event of revelation of this verse as reported by Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari, one of the most reliable companions of the Holy Prophet has been mentioned in "Awalim al Ulum" by Shaykh Abdullah bin Nurullah Al-Bahrayni and is reproduced here:-
In the name of Allah, the beneficent, the merciful. It is reported by Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari that Fatimah Zahra said;
One day my father, the messenger of Allah, came into (my house),
and said "Fatimah! Peace be on you." "Peace be on you too." I replied.
"I am not feeling well." He said.
"May Allah keep you safe from weakness, O my father." I prayed.
"Fatimah! Please bring the Yamani blanket and cover me with it." He said.
So I brought the Yamani blanket and covered him with it. I turned my eyes upon his face. It was shining bright like a full moon in its full glory and splendour.
Then, not a moment passed before my son, Hasan, walked in and said:
"Peace be on you, mother."
"Peace be on you too, my dearest darling" I answered.
"I breathe the pure aroma of the messenger of Allah, my grandfather, coming from you!" He observed.
"True; your grandfather is under the blanket." I confirmed.
Hasan went near his grandfather (covered with the blanket) and said:
"Peace be on you, grandfather, the messenger of Allah, may I join you under the blanket?"
"Peace be on you, my son, my companion at the spring of Kawthar, come in."
He went inside the blanket.
Then, not a moment passed, before my son, Husayn, walked in and said: "Peace be on you, mother." "Peace be on you too, my dearest darling" I answered .
"I breathe the pure aroma of the messenger of Allah, my grandfather, coming from you!" He observed .
"True, your grandfather and your brother are under the blanket." I confirmed.
Husayn went near the blanket (under which his grandfather was resting with his brother) and said:
"Peace be on you grandfather, the choice of Allah, may I join you both under the blanket ?"
"Peace be on you, my son, the saviour of my people, come in."
He went inside the blanket.
In that instant Abul Hasan. Amir al Muminin, Ali ibn abi Talib, stepped in and said:
"Peace be on you, O the daughter of the messenger of Allah!"
"Peace be on you too, Abul Hasan, Amir al Muminin." I answered.
"Fatimah, I breathe the pure aroma of my brother, the son of my uncle, the messenger of Allah, coming from you!" He observed.
"True, he is under the blanket with your sons" I confirmed.
Ali went near the blanket and said:
"Peace be on you, the messenger of Allah, may I join you (all) under the blanket?"
"Peace be on you, my brother, the executor of my will, my successor, my standard bearer, come in."
Ali went inside the blanket.
Then I went near the blanket and said:
"Peace be on you, my father, the messenger of Allah, may I join you (all), under the blanket?"
"Peace be on you; my daughter my darling, come in."
I went inside the blanket.
As soon as all of us united under the blanket, my father, the messenger of Allah, held the two ends of the blanket and raised his right hand toward the heaven and said:
"O Allah! These are my Ahl ul Bayt, very special to me, my near and dear ones, my own flesh and blood; whoso annoys them disturbs me; whoso makes them sad makes me unhappy. I make war on those who carry on hostilities against them; I am well disposed towards those who make their peace with them; I oppose those who run counter to them; I favour those who love them. They are from me and I am from them. So send Thy blessings, benefits, mercy, protection and favours on me and on them, and keep off from them uncleanliness, and purify them with a thorough purification."
Thereupon The Almighty and the Glorious Allah said: "O My angels and the dwellers of the heavens, verily I have not created the indeclinable sky, the levelled earth, the bright moon, the resplendent sun, the rotating cosmic system, the flowing seas, and the sailing ship, but for the sake of and in the love of the five souls lying underneath the blanket."
The trusted Jibrail asked:
"O Lord! Who are underneath the blanket?" The Almighty and the Glorious replied:
"They are the 'Ahl ul Bayt' of the Prophet, the custodians of the message; they are-Fatimah, her father, her husband and her sons."
Jibrail (submissively) asked:
"O Lord! May I descend on the earth and be the sixth with them?"
"Yes. I give you permission," said Allah.
The trusted angel, Jibrail, came down (on the earth), and said:
"Peace be on you, O the messenger of Allah. The Highest High says: "Peace be on you. And distinguishes you with greetings and blessings.
He tells you:
'In the name of My majesty and glory, verily, I have not created the indeclinable sky, the levelled earth, the bright moon, the resplendent sun, the rotating cosmic system, the flowing seas, and the sailing ship, but for your sake and in your love.'
And He has also given me permission to be with you. So may I have your permission O the messenger of Allah."
The messenger of Allah replied: "Peace be on you, O the custodian of Allah's revelation, come in and join (us)."
Jibrail came in and joined us under the blanket.
He told my father: "Verily, Allah has sent a revelation to you. He said:
'Verily Allah's wish is but to keep off from you uncleanness, O Ahl ul Bayt, and to purify you (with) a thorough purification.'"
Ali asked my father: "O messenger of Allah, tell us that which makes our assembly under this blanket an event of surpassing excellence before Allah."
The Prophet replied:
"In the name of He who sent me as a truthful prophet, and chose me as a redeemer to convey His message, I declare that no assembly of our followers and devotees, on the earth, where this event is narrated shall spend a single moment but the mercy of Allah will envelop them, then and there; and countless angels of Allah shall pray for the remission of their sins till the group of the faithful disperse."
Ali declared:
"Well then, by the Lord of the Ka-bah, we have attained our end, and have been rendered successful, so also our followers!"
The Holy Prophet said again:
"O Ali! In the name of He who sent me as a truthful Prophet, and chose me as a redeemer to convey His message, I declare that in any of the assemblies of our followers and devotees, on the earth, where this event is narrated, there would not be a grief-stricken among them, but Allah dispels his worries; nor there would be a downcast, among them, but Allah disperses his sorrows; nor would there be a needy, among them, but Allah meets his de[Shakir 33:34] And keep to mind what is recited in your houses of the communications of Allah and the wisdom; surely Allah is Knower of subtleties, Aware.[Pickthal 33:34] And bear in mind that which is recited in your houses of the revelations of Allah and wisdom. Lo! Allah is Subtile, Aware.[Yusufali 33:34] And recite what is rehearsed to you in your homes, of the Signs of Allah and His Wisdom: for Allah understands the finest mysteries and is well-acquainted (with them).[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:34]
In this verse the gender (feminine plural) again refers to the wives of the Holy Prophet and to "houses", not to the people of the house (Ahl ul Bayt) of verse 33. The wives of the Holy Prophet are commanded (as an admonition) to pay attention to the teachings of the Quran and the Holy Prophet, the fountain of wisdom, so that they might not go astray as some of them did (see commentary of verses 28 to 32 of this surah.
[Shakir 33:35] Surely the men who submit and the women who submit, and the believing men and the believing women, and the obeying men and the obeying women, and the truthful men and the truthful women, and the patient men and the patient women and the humble men and the humble women, and the almsgiving men and the almsgiving women, and the fasting men and the fasting women, and the men who guard their private parts and the women who guard, and the men who remember Allah much and the women who remember-- Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a mighty reward.[Pickthal 33:35] Lo! men who surrender unto Allah, and women who surrender, and men who believe and women who believe, and men who obey and women who obey, and men who speak the truth and women who speak the truth, and men who persevere (in righteousness) and women who persevere, and men who are humble and women who are humble, and men who give alms and women who give alms, and men who fast and women who fast, and men who guard their modesty and women who guard (their modesty), and men who remember Allah much and women who remember - Allah hath prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward.[Yusufali 33:35] For Muslim men and women,- for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in Charity, for men and women who fast (and deny themselves), for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah's praise,- for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:35] Islam, or submitting to Allah's will, includes all the virtues, as particularly specified in this verse. As soon as a man sincerely believes in the truth of the religion of Allah and becomes a Muslim every virtue takes root in his character.
It is said that, after the return from Abysinia, Asma wife of Jafar Tayyar, wondered as to why there was no particular mention about women in the Quran so far revealed, then this verse was revealed. On several occasions the Holy Prophet had said that every Muslim man and Muslim woman must cultivate the following virtues:
(i) Faith, hope and trust in Allah, and in His benevolent administration of the whole universe;
(ii) devotion and service in practical life;
(iii) love and practice of the teachings of Islam in thought and intention, word and deed;
(iv) patience in suffering and constancy in right endeavour;
(v) humility, the avoidance of an attitude of arrogance and superiority;
(vi) financial help to the poor and less fortunate fellow-beings;
(vii) self denial,
(viii) purity in sex life, purity in motive, thought, word and deed;
(ix) constant attention to Allah's commands,
(x) safeguarding oneself against evil with full awareness of laws made by Allah.
Forgiveness and equal recompense are for both men and women. Refer to the commentary of Ali Imran: 195.
Aqa Mahdi Puya says:
The general statement about believing men and women in this verse indicates that the privilege and
distinction mentioned in the preceding verse are exclusive for the Ahl ul Bayt.
Although every wife of the Holy Prophet must be respected as the "mother of believers", but in view of the verse 5 of Tahrim they may not be included in this verse.
[Shakir 33:36] And it behoves not a believing man and a believing woman that they should have any choice in their matter when Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter; and whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he surely strays off a manifest straying.[Pickthal 33:36] And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.[Yusufali 33:36] It is not fitting for a Believer, man or woman, when a matter has been decided by Allah and His Messenger to have any option about their decision: if any one disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he is indeed on a clearly wrong Path.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:36]
Refer to the commentary of verses 4, 5 and 28 to 32 of this surah about Zayd, Zaynab and the Holy Prophet. Zayd's marriage with the Holy Prophet's cousin Zaynab daughter of Jahsh was celebrated in Makka eight years before the hijrat. At the time of their marriage when she was informed by the Holy Prophet she did not like the proposal, so her brother Abdullah bin Jahsh; and both of them, according to Imam Muhammad bin Ali al Baqir, wanted to exercise their freedom of choice in this matter, then this verse was revealed. We must not put our own wisdom in competition with Allah's wisdom. We must accept it loyally, and do the best we can to carry it out. We must make our will consonant to the will of Allah. Also refer to the commentary of Nisa: 65. Zaynab the high-born could not reconcile herself with Zayd. Both were good believers, and both loved the Holy Prophet; but there was mutual incompatibility and this proved to be the cause of separation between them. Zayd wished to divorce her. The Holy Prophet tried his best to prevent separation between them, because Zaynab's reputation would be ruined, but as marriage should be according to Allah's plan, a source of happiness, not torture, Islam permits the bond of marriage to be dissolved, provided that all interests concerned are safeguarded. Refer to the commentary of Nisa : 3 for polygamy and al Baqarah: 227 to 237 for divorce. After the divorce Zaynab's misery as a widow began to disturb the family of Banu Hashim. In fact, Zaynab's parents wanted to give Zaynab's hand to the Holy Prophet right from the beginning, but at the Holy Prophet's command she was married to Zayd. Now she, and her brothers and other members of the family asked the Holy Prophet to marry her. Then the verse 37 was revealed and the Holy Prophet married her. The issue of an adopted son has been dealt with in the commentary of verse 4 of this surah.
Aqa Mahdi Puya says:
"An adopted son is not the real son", and all other Quranic injunctions are valid in all ages.
"You did fear the people" implies that the right course should be followed, whether the people like it or not, as said in verse 54 of Ma-idah: "They fear not the censure of the censurers."
Prophethood does not deprive the prophet and his family of essential human rights divinely legislated for all.
[Shakir 33:37] And when you said to him to whom Allah had shown favor and to whom you had shown a favor: Keep your wife to yourself and be careful of (your duty to) Allah; and you concealed in your soul what Allah would bring to light, and you feared men, and Allah had a greater right that you should fear Him. But when Zaid had accomplished his want of her, We gave her to you as a wife, so that there should be no difficulty for the believers in respect of the wives of their adopted sons, when they have accomplished their want of them; and Allah's command shall be performed.[Pickthal 33:37] And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.[Yusufali 33:37] Behold! Thou didst say to one who had received the grace of Allah and thy favour: "Retain thou (in wedlock) thy wife, and fear Allah." But thou didst hide in thy heart that which Allah was about to make manifest: thou didst fear the people, but it is more fitting that thou shouldst fear Allah. Then when Zaid had dissolved (his marriage) with her, with the necessary (formality), We joined her in marriage to thee: in order that (in future) there may be no difficulty to the Believers in (the matter of) marriage with the wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have dissolved with the necessary (formality) (their marriage) with them. And Allah's command must be fulfilled.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:37] (see commentary for verse 36)[Shakir 33:38] There is no harm in the Prophet doing that which Allah has ordained for him; such has been the course of Allah with respect to those who have gone before; and the command of Allah is a decree that is made absolute:[Pickthal 33:38] There is no reproach for the Prophet in that which Allah maketh his due. That was Allah's way with those who passed away of old - and the commandment of Allah is certain destiny -[Yusufali 33:38] There can be no difficulty to the Prophet in what Allah has indicated to him as a duty. It was the practice (approved) of Allah amongst those of old that have passed away. And the command of Allah is a decree determined.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:38] (see commentary for verse 36)[Shakir 33:39] Those who deliver the messages of Allah and fear Him, and do not fear any one but Allah; and Allah is sufficient to take account.[Pickthal 33:39] Who delivered the messages of Allah and feared Him, and feared none save Allah. Allah keepeth good account.[Yusufali 33:39] (It is the practice of those) who preach the Messages of Allah, and fear Him, and fear none but Allah. And enough is Allah to call (men) to account.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:39]
Man's responsibility is to Allah; and particularly a prophet's submission to Allah's will had to be of the highest degree. In conveying Allah's message or in carrying out His commands a prophet had to fear none other than Allah.
[Shakir 33:40] Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Last of the prophets; and Allah is cognizant of all things.[Pickthal 33:40] Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets; and Allah is ever Aware of all things.[Yusufali 33:40] Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:40]
Refer to the commentary of verse 4 of this surah for the issue of adopted sons raised by the disbelievers.
Refer to the commentary of Yunus: 47; Ibrahim: 4 and Nahl: 36, according to which messengers of Allah had been sent to preach the religion of Allah to mankind in all ages; and refer to the commentary of al Baqarah: 253 and Bani Israil: 55 for the preference given to prophets over one another and the position of the Holy Prophet among them as the last and the superior most prophet along with references from the Bible, also refer to the commentary of Ali Imran: 81 for the covenant taken from all the prophets regarding the finality and universality of the prophethood of the Holy Prophet. The commentary of Fatihah: 7 also deals with "the seal of the prophets". Refer to the commentary of al Baqarah: 124 and Ma-idah: 67 for the continuity of guidance through the Imams of the Ahl ul Bayt.
Aqa Mahdi Puya says:
"Muhammad is not the father of any of your men" annuls the pagans laws concerning the adopted children, but it does not mean that his posterity was cut off (see commentary of surah al Kawthar, and Ali Imran: 61 wherein abna-ana, nisa-ana and anfusana are distinguished from other people, and min rijalikum (of your men) has been used in this verse to exclude all others from the progeny of the Holy Prophet.
The word khatam implies not only the finality but also signifies that the Holy Prophet is the testimony of the truthfulness of all the earlier prophets.
[Shakir 33:41] O you who believe! remember Allah, remembering frequently,[Pickthal 33:41] O ye who believe! Remember Allah with much remembrance.[Yusufali 33:41] O ye who believe! Celebrate the praises of Allah, and do this often;[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:41]
Imam Jafar bin Muhammad as Sadiq said:
[Shakir 33:42] And glorify Him morning and evening.[Pickthal 33:42] And glorify Him early and late.[Yusufali 33:42] And glorify Him morning and evening.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:42] (see commentary for verse 41)[Shakir 33:43] He it is Who sends His blessings on you, and (so do) His angels, that He may bring you forth out of utter darkness into the light; and He is Merciful to the believers.[Pickthal 33:43] He it is Who blesseth you, and His angels (bless you), that He may bring you forth from darkness unto light; and He is ever Merciful to the believers.[Yusufali 33:43] He it is Who sends blessings on you, as do His angels, that He may bring you out from the depths of Darkness into Light: and He is Full of Mercy to the Believers.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:43]
The greatest blessing of Allah is His guidance made available to mankind through the Holy Prophet and his thoroughly purified Ahl ul Bayt (Ahzab: 33). Those believers who remember Him, as stated in the commentary of verse 41 and 42 of this surah, are brought into the light of knowledge and righteousness from the darkness of ignorance and evil (see commentary of Nur: 35 and 36 and Baqarah: 257).
[Shakir 33:44] Their salutation on the day that they meet Him shall be, Peace, and He has prepared for them an honourable reward.[Pickthal 33:44] Their salutation on the day when they shall meet Him will be: Peace. And He hath prepared for them a goodly recompense.[Yusufali 33:44] Their salutation on the Day they meet Him will be "Peace!"; and He has prepared for them a generous Reward.[Pooya/Ali Commentary 33:44]
It is said that when Izrail comes to take away the soul of a true believer he says: "Peace be to you (assalamu alaykum)."
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